Ceasefire deal sees jihadists take over Syria’s Idlib

Beirut, Lebanon | AFP | A jihadist group dominated by Syria’s former Al-Qaeda affiliate Thursday sealed its grip on northern Idlib, the last major rebel bastion, in a deal ending days of fighting with rival factions.

Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) signed a ceasefire with what was left of a rival alliance that sees it confirm its supremacy and unites the region under a jihadist-led administration.

Under an accord reached by rebel backer Turkey and regime ally Russia in September, Ankara was expected to rein in Idlib factions to stave off a threatened government offensive with potentially disastrous humanitarian repercussions.

The jihadists’ deal, a copy of which was circulated on local media outlets, brings an immediate end to the fighting between HTS and the rival National Liberation Front (NLF), which was directly backed by Turkey.

“This morning, HTS and NLF signed an agreement to put an end to ongoing fighting… and establish the control of the Salvation Government in all areas,” the group’s propaganda channel Ebaa said.

The self-proclaimed Salvation Government is an HTS-dominated body which had been administering large parts of the Idlib area, including its eponymous capital.

Its reach now extends to most of Idlib province and parts of the neighbouring provinces of Aleppo and Hama.

The deal sees Ankara-backed Islamist factions Ahrar al-Sham and Suqur al-Sham stand down, as areas they once held come under HTS administrative control.

These include the two major towns of Maarat al-Noman and Ariha.

– ‘Indispensable interlocutor’ –

Nasser Hezbar, a 29-year-old civil society activist, told AFP from Maaret al-Noman that the ceasefire deal would affect lives in Idlib “in a huge way”.

“It will give a pretext to the regime to enter the region,” he said.

“The agreement is a betrayal to us… a betrayal to the people who gave their lives for the revolution,” he added.

The clashes between HTS and its NLF rivals in Idlib had killed 137 people since the start of the year, most of them fighters, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a Britain-based war monitor.

The deal announced Thursday provides for an immediate cessation of hostilities, an exchange of detainees, the lifting of all checkpoints inside the region, and its unification under the authority of the Salvation Government.

Other jihadists — such as the Al-Qaeda-linked Hurras al-Deen group and Turkestan Islamic Party (TIP) — maintain a presence in the Idlib region but are allied with HTS.

International Crisis Group analyst Sam Heller said the latest development put HTS squarely in control of the Idlib region.

“Now it can present itself to Turkey and others as an indispensable interlocutor in any non-military solution to Idlib,” he said.

It was however unclear how the HTS administrative takeover would affect the implementation of the Turkish-Russian deal for a buffer zone around Idlib.

Under the memorandum signed in the Russian resort town of Sochi on September 17, jihadists were supposed to withdraw from the planned demilitarised area by mid-October but never did.

– ‘Ridiculous excuses’ –

“It’s not clear whether the Sochi deal’s success and the continuation of the Idlib de-escalation actually depends on the memorandum’s literal implementation”, Heller said.

Instead, it could be more tied to “political atmospherics such as the health of the Turkish-Russian bilateral relationship”, he said.

Simultaneously, Ankara has been threatening to launch a cross-border offensive against the Kurdish militia controlling large parts of northeastern Syria.

The recent announcement by US President Donald Trump that he was ordering a full troop pullout from Syria has left Washington’s Kurdish allies more exposed than ever.

They have had to cosy up to Damascus, at the expense of their plans for increased autonomy, to guarantee their survival in the face of Turkish threats.

Turkey, which considers the Kurdish YPG militia a terrorist organisation, could move into northern Syria to create a buffer along its border.

On Thursday, Ankara warned it would launch an offensive against Syrian Kurdish forces if the United States delayed its withdrawal.

“If the (pullout) is put off with ridiculous excuses like Turks are massacring Kurds, which do not reflect the reality, we will implement this decision,” Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu said.

Syria’s war has killed more than 360,000 people and displaced millions since it started in 2011 with the brutal repression of anti-government protests.

The Russia-backed regime notched up a series of victories against the rebels and jihadists last year, and is now in control of around two-thirds of the country.