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Cape Town, South Africa | AFP | South Africans were hit by the first sales tax increase since apartheid when the country’s finance minister delivered a tough budget on Wednesday, dampening optimism spurred by the country’s new reformist president.
President Cyril Ramaphosa took over last week from the scandal-plagued Jacob Zuma, raising hope for a turnaround in the economy that slid into recession in 2016 and has grown sluggishly since.
Finance Minister Malusi Gigaba warned in his speech to parliament in Cape Town that “this is a tough but hopeful budget” as he announced Value Added Tax (VAT) on sales would rise by 1 percentage point to 15 percent.
The new rate is the first hike since the end of white-minority rule in 1994.
“We have not adjusted VAT since 1993, and it is low compared to some of our peers. We therefore decided that increasing VAT was unavoidable if we are to maintain the integrity of our public finances,” said Gigaba.
It is hoped that the increase, coupled with adjustments to income tax brackets, will raise some 36 billion rand ($3 billion) for the public purse in 2018-19.
The policy is a gamble for the ruling African National Congress (ANC) as it could hurt its poor and black middle-class electoral base going into elections in 2019.
“The current zero-rating of basic food items… will limit the impact on the poorest households,” Gigaba said.
Social grant benefit payments to the poorest South Africans would also increase above the rate of inflation, he said, to mitigate the impact of the VAT hike.
“For the poor its an issue,” said University of Cape Town professor Co-Pierre Georg. “If you live on an extremely tight budget and have to count every rand you have, it will affect what you can buy.”
Gigaba also announced that duty on luxury goods would rise 2 percentage points to 9 percent and the so-called “sin tax” on alcohol and tobacco products would rise between 6 and 10 percent.
Despite being Africa’s most developed economy, South Africa grappled with weak growth, ballooning national debt, depressed investor confidence, record unemployment and junk status on its bonds during Zuma’s nine-year tenure.
